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Paddington Station 1840


MikeOxon

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Brunel’s great arched roof is to many people the epitome of Paddington Station but this was not built until 1854. The passengers who first travelled on the line from Paddington to Maidenhead, which opened on 4th June 1838, started their journey from a far less imposing structure – little more than a collection of wooden sheds.

 

A London terminus for the GWR was needed in a hurry, after negotiations with the London & Birmingham Railway for a joint terminus at Euston broke down. With the line to Maidenhead almost ready, the GWR Directors desperately needed to start generating passenger revenue and, since authorisation for a route into Paddington was only agreed by Parliament on 3rd July 1837, there was no time for grand designs!

 

A quick solution was to build the station offices into the arches of the new Bishop’s Road Bridge and provide simple wooden platforms to the West of this bridge. Goods facilities were established on the other side of the bridge, alongside the Forecourt from where passengers entered the booking office, under one of the arches. The great artist of early railways, J.C.Bourne, produced a lithograph of this façade of the station. I have annotated the locations of the passenger facilities on his illustration, as shown below:

 

Paddington_1843-Annot.jpg.82e5135f4eedbdfd5303b0e75a080e47.jpg

Paddington Station 1843 by J.C.Bourne (colourised Mike Flemming)

 

I have not found any early illustrations of the layout of the platforms beyond the bridge but there are several early drawings, mostly in poor condition, that provide plans of the tracks and platforms, as well as details of the platform canopies. A selection of these drawings is available on-line, in the ‘Historical Engineering Collection’ of the Network Rail Corporate Archive (NRCA).

 

3D Station Drawing

 

I decided, as an experiment, to see whether I could use ‘Fusion 360’ to create an impression of the original station by using the techniques of extruding from drawings, just as I have done for my models of rolling stock.

 

The NRCA drawings include sketches of various alternative proposals, from which I chose the plan view in NRCA161183 as a suitable base from which to create a 3D model. First of all, I had to digitally ‘clean’ the original drawing to create my working version, shown below.

 

PlatformsPlan800x600.jpg.b50c3d8aab44128a57501d28fadc5b97.jpg
My annotated ‘working copy’ from NRCA161183

 

There are many features of the track-work that seem strange to modern eyes. Note, in particular, the widespread use of wagon turntables and traversers for moving the small carriages and wagons of the time between tracks. Several tracks ended in carriage loading ‘shoots’ at the end of the central carriage road, between the Arrival and Departure platforms. This arrangement is shown in a lithograph of, Slough Station by J.C Bourne, of which I show an extract below:

 

CarriageLoading_Slough800x600.jpg.f1da0f2004c0155e5c15c107c9ff8503.jpg

Slough Station (detail) by J.C. Bourne

 

I also found a less detailed re-drawn plan of Paddington Station, which provided the all-important scale, in the book ‘Paddington Station - Its history and architecture’ by Steven Brindle, published by English Heritage 2013.

 

With this additional information, I could import the NRCA plan into ‘Fusion 360’ as a canvas and use the ‘calibrate’ command to adjust it to the correct scale. I decided to work directly in ‘feet’, since these units are used throughout the NRCA elevation drawings.

 

Bishop’s Road Bridge

 

My first 3D extrusion in ‘Fusion 360’was from the plan view of Bishop’s Road Bridge (shaded pink in my annotated version, above). Initially, I extruded the rectangular ‘body’ to a height of 30 feet. I then compared my structure, marked with the locations of the various arches, as indicated on the plan, to check the proportions against the Bourne lithograph. (It is known that Bourne used a ‘camera obscura’ as a drawing-aid, so I was confident that his illustration is accurately proportioned.)

 

3d-model_Bridge.jpg.c9b22835ced4cbfbbac1e9e8750b2906.jpg

Steps in creating my model of Bishop’s Road Bridge

 

Once I had made sketches by tracing over the Bourne canvas, imported into ‘Fusion 360’, I could overlay these sketches onto the face of my rectangular Bridge ‘body’ and extrude the various arches.

 

Platforms

 

Details of the platform canopies are shown in drawing NRCA161326, of which my ‘cleaned up’ version is shown below. This drawing shows the end elevations of the canopies over both the Departure and Arrival platforms, together with details of the cast-iron support pillars.

 

PlatformCanopies800x600.jpg.e454523f54cf09bbbe96f374613a7c09.jpg

My ‘Working copy’ from NRCA161326

 

As before, I imported this drawing into ‘Fusion 360’ and sketched the outlines of the roof trusses. I also created a model of a single pillar by drawing over the profile and then using the ‘revolve’ tool to create a cylindrical ‘body’, as shown below:

3D-modelPillar.jpg.75dedeb2b216e76358b257dd8188ec89.jpg
Using ‘Revolve’ in ‘Fusion 360’ to create 3D-model of Pillar

 

Once I had a single model of a pillar, it was simply a matter of using the ‘Pattern on Path’ tool in ‘Fusion 360’ to create the array of pillars shown on the NRCA plan of the platforms. Note that I have raised the platform surfaces and carriage road by 3 feet, above the level of the track bed.

 

3D-modelArrivals.jpg.ccdd31c0664618389cbcaa6a31bdc97f.jpg
My 3D-model of the Arrivals Platform with Pillars and a single roof truss

 

I was very pleased to find that the dimensions derived from the elevation drawings corresponded very closely to those derived from the plan view, indicating that my ‘calibration’ in ‘Fusion 360’ had been successful. After duplicating the trusses as required, again by means of the ‘Pattern on Path’ tool, I added roofs by extruding from the profile set by the trusses at one end of the structure.

 

The end result of this stage of my modelling is shown below:

 

3D-modelplatforms.jpg.43630a6b252c55306153c728c79d0d21.jpg

My 3D-model of Paddington platforms viewed from the West

 

Of course, the advantage of having a 3D-model in the computer is that I can choose to view it from whichever direction and in whatever detail I choose, for example:

 

3D-modelforecourt.jpg.ed5db836009693cfb7f6f154e35c70f3.jpg

View across my model of Paddington Station from above the Forecourt.

 

The above view demonstrates the sharp angle between the platforms and the approach road, by which passengers arrived at the station. Carriages could proceed through the central arch to reach the carriage dock set between the Arrival and Departure platforms. At that period, wealthy patrons of the railway loaded their carriages and their horses onto trains and, in some cases, chose to travel inside their own carriages, rather that the coaches provided by the railway.

 

Adding other models

 

Once the basic 3-D model was in place, I realised that it was perfectly easy to add some of my existing models into the scene. The ‘Insert Derive’ tool in ‘Fusion 360’ allows model data to be imported into a design from other folders already held in the computer. To demonstrate this procedure, I imported my existing models of Brunel’s Britzka and of a Carriage truck.

 

I realised that these models had been dimensioned in millimetres, as 4mm-scale models. When first imported, they appeared at their small ‘model scale’. I could, however, select these model bodies and use the ‘Scale’ command in ‘Fusion 360’ to increase their dimensions by a factor of 76, so that they conformed to the overall building model. After re-scaling, I could use the ‘Move’ tool to position them as I wished within the Station, as shown in the example below:

 

 

3D-modelCarriageDock.jpg.b79dcbfdbea9d5d480194a4e22ae814d.jpg

Loading my model of Brunel’s Britzka onto a Carriage Truck at Paddington Station

 

 

Taking this idea a little further, I imported some other models, including my Horse Box, a horse, and the locomotive ‘Vulcan’, to create the following scene:

 

3D-modelVulcantrain.jpg.5f927316f28a7f20e3c856529cf78476.jpg

Brunel’s carriage and horses being loaded for travel from Paddington Station

 

Conclusion

 

As I wrote at the outset, this is all experimental and I have had a lot of fun exploring the possibilities of scene modelling in ‘Fusion 360’. I realise that I am venturing into the territory of digital ‘Train Simulators’, which @Annie demonstrates in her thread can be very impressive and allow you to drive the trains as well.

 

My own modelling has allowed me to bring to life some long-forgotten scenes and I intend to continue by re-creating some of the other buildings around the old Paddington Station. Apart from the offices within the Bishop’s Road bridge, there was also a remarkable ‘round-house’ engine shed, designed by Daniel Gooch, a Carriage shed and, on the other side of the bridge, the entire Goods Station, with sheds and offices.

 

I think all this can keep me occupied and entertained for some time to come 🙂

 

Mike

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This is excellent! I love early railway stations, they seemed to combine simplicity with still looking quite grand.

Edited by Fair Oak Junction
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Another wonderful research project Mike.  Once again you've pulled together what remains in the way of fragments of information and pieced it together into an excellent article.

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24 minutes ago, Annie said:

Another wonderful research project Mike.  Once again you've pulled together what remains in the way of fragments of information and pieced it together into an excellent article.

I'm very pleased you like my investigations into the earliest days of the GWR, Annie.  I can see that a lot of early Broad Gauge modelling has been done for the Trainz simulator and perhaps someone will follow up my findings to make a virtual working layout of Paddington.  It could be a great project.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

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44 minutes ago, MikeOxon said:

I'm very pleased you like my investigations into the earliest days of the GWR, Annie.  I can see that a lot of early Broad Gauge modelling has been done for the Trainz simulator and perhaps someone will follow up my findings to make a virtual working layout of Paddington.  It could be a great project.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

Indeed it would be a great project Mike.  I know that Steve Flanders would be interested, but he has some health problems at present and has been taking time out from digital model making.  Hopefully when he's feeling better I'll be able to show him your research and see what he thinks.

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Annie

Posted (edited)

This is Steve Flanders's Broad Gauge Intermediate Station based on the circa 1850s proposed plans for Cheltenham Station.  The NRCA were the source of the plans, but they were such a mixed up old lot of different amended versions it was difficult for Steve to tell what the GWR had actually intended for Cheltenham.

Sorry for the none too clear image, but the station model is so darn big it was difficult to take a decent snap of it.  It does give the idea though that a model of Paddington could be possible.  I couldn't help noticing though that some of the drawings the NRCA had of the original station were more holes than drawing so it could be a wee bit of a challenge.

 

5PqgAkW.jpg

 

Turned the shadows off so you can see better.

 

ZRRgBVV.jpg

 

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Edited by Annie
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That's some damned impressive modeling! Not only most usefully illustrated, but also written in such a way as entertains as well as informs. 

 

Looking forward to the next instalment very much indeed.

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18 hours ago, MikeOxon said:

I'm very pleased you like my investigations into the earliest days of the GWR, Annie.  I can see that a lot of early Broad Gauge modelling has been done for the Trainz simulator and perhaps someone will follow up my findings to make a virtual working layout of Paddington.  It could be a great project.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

If you move your drawings forward 95 years you could as I'm always looking for materials/ info for my own Paddington project. 😊


I've included a pic of my luddite pencil plans lol.. these are 148th scale and looking from Lords Hill bridge to Praed st. I've since extended this back to Great Western Road but had to cut it into many peices as it became unmanageable lol. CAD etc wasn't an option for me but what your achieving would be invaluable to anyone building the BG period.

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Edited by Long Line
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This is fascinating, Mike. Especially how it allows you to view things from different angles. J.C. Bourne's renditions are very atmospheric, but they are a fixed view after all.

 

How close can you zoom in, e.g. is it possible to stand beneath the canopies and look out at the track?

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Nice work Mike, I had thoughts of doing a similar thing but it would have been a distraction for me. It is useful that the drawings survive, as you know I have used Fusion to draw up High Wycombe in the broad gauge although I drew the entire site up in 4mm scale. Doing the basics of buildings takes time but adding all small details and textures takes ages.

 

One of the original building at Paddington as seen in the illustrations matches the goods shed at Taplow so I think they are contemporary and are the same.

 

David

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2 hours ago, David Bigcheeseplant said:

Doing the basics of buildings takes time but adding all small details and textures takes ages.

Indeed it does and I've done very little detailing so far.  The good thing though is that once the basics are in place, one can go on adding details as much as one feels like.  I have a lot to lean still about rendering and your results are inspirational 😃

 

4 hours ago, Mikkel said:

How close can you zoom in, e.g. is it possible to stand beneath the canopies and look out at the track?

Very close indeed if you wish!  I haven't done very much detailing yet but here's a view from the Arrivals platform with 'Vulcan'.  It's great fun moving around to seek new angles 🙂

Arrivals-3.jpg.e30a57dfd1c3c6bf16501e2fb32f9b34.jpg

 

Eventually, the carriage shed and other building should be in the background.  As I said to David, I've a long way to go in learning the possibilities with this software.

 

Another potential application is to use it for planning the layout/diorama that I hope to build 'one day'

 

Mike

 

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13 hours ago, Annie said:

The NRCA were the source of the plans, but they were such a mixed up old lot of different amended versions it was difficult for Steve to tell what the GWR had actually intended for Cheltenham.

It's just the same in the case of Paddington.  Some plans were for designs that never materialised, while others show alterations that were made quite early on.  For example the arrangements on the Arrivals side were already changing by 1842.  It was a steep learning curve for those working on the prototype as well as those trying to model it 🙂

 

For those who haven't see this sort of thing, here's an example of what one has to work with:

NRCA161175both800x600.jpg.1fc30099467616167827971dd6bc3fa5.jpg

 

Mike

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Do you plan to include the stables, cattle sheds and grain stores which survived til closure of the goods depot?

 

I have struggled to find much pic wise of these areas, although i have achieved a general arrangement of the various structures , roads etc.

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8 minutes ago, Long Line said:

Do you plan to include the stables, cattle sheds and grain stores which survived til closure of the goods depot?

 

'Plan' is not a word that applies to much of my modelling. 

 

At present, I'm thinking about the Engine House and Carriage shed to the West of Bishop's Road.  I haven't given any thoughts yet to the Goods Depot to the East but probably will 'one day'.  I am looking at the earliest period c.1840 and am not yet sure what facilities were there at the beginning.

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Hi Mike

do you draw each building as it’s own model and then bring each one into another assembly as I do or are you drawing the entire thing as one model?

 

 

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23 minutes ago, David Bigcheeseplant said:

Hi Mike

do you draw each building as it’s own model and then bring each one into another assembly as I do or are you drawing the entire thing as one model?

 

 

I tend to use a mixture of both.  For the relatively simple items that I've produced so far, they are all in one model file.  I create them by extruding from 'canvases' in the appropriate planes and then move them around over the groundplane 'canvas'.  For more complex structures, I create them separately and use 'insert derive' to being them together for assembly.  This was how I brought in different models, such as the engine and carriages.

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As usual, Mike this is fantastic stuff! You have directly inspired me to investigate 3-D, modelling and printing for railways, and I’m part of my way through the journey of modelling the LBSCR terminus building at Brighton circa 1841, from the RIBA archive of plans.

 

I wish I had the e stick to run a Mike Sharman style early era layout, but not yet!

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Well Mike, another very interesting post.  

 

It is interesting how they ran the station.  Not all of the departure lines have platforms.  Did they keep trains there until a platform was free and move the train across then?  The end loaded luggage wagons, were they loaded and then added to the train?  Fascinating.

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11 hours ago, ChrisN said:

Did they keep trains there until a platform was free and move the train across then?  The end loaded luggage wagons, were they loaded and then added to the train?

All good questions, Chris.  As I wrote in a reply to Annie above: "It was a steep learning curve for those working on the prototype".  No-one had built a railway terminus like this before.  Road coaches were loaded individually and I expected this influenced the way in which 'trains' were assembled.  When there were only a few trains a day, it probably worked for a while but, gradually, the methods evolved.  The later plans show that considerable changes had already been made by 1845, with additional arrival platforms.  Building a model like mine helps in visualising the problems they faced.

 

Mike

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What a brilliant piece of research and digital modelling - how big would it be in 4MM scale out of interest?

 

I hope you'll write it up for the Broadsheet in due course.

 

Regards,

 

Duncan

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Tying this in to two paintings, one a modern one of Queen Victoria arriving in 1842, with plenty of activity; and one from the NRM, a contemporary? painting of the scene, one detail which might show how things were done is the smoke box doors opened, presumably to help the fire cool down and reduce boiler pressure?

IMG_0475.jpeg.b662ae5af09d99d0362b2630a30936f5.jpegIMG_0476.jpeg.8a15aac1577677a950daa80676ede886.jpeg

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9 hours ago, Northroader said:

and one from the NRM, a contemporary? painting of the scene, one detail which might show how things were done is the smoke box doors opened, presumably to help the fire cool down and reduce boiler pressure?

 

This second one is the image I had in mind when I created my own view of the Arrivals platform, above. 

 

You are more charitable regarding the smokebox doors than I felt - I assumed it was what the artist thought went on behind the smokebox doors - which were, so far as I know, never like that!  In fact. I made my own version of that image, substituting my model of Firefly in place of the 'artist's impression'

Paddington-Arrival1840a800x600.jpg.161ec7cdcd7454631eed5370f6e23509.jpg

 

My favourite part of the image is the pattern of shadows cast by the lanterns on the platform - very atmospheric 🙂

 

Mike

 

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11 hours ago, drduncan said:

I hope you'll write it up for the Broadsheet in due course.

That is my intention - eventually.  there's a lot more to do on the rest of the site, yet.

Mike

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The goods shed at Paddington with a photo of the goods shed at Taplow, with the Dutch hip roof I think both buildings are contemporary with each other, or are they they same building relocated? 

Exterior_Paddington_(GWR)_station_1838_(postcard).jpg

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Edited by David Bigcheeseplant
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What we now call Taplow was originally the Western terminus for Maidenhead, before the bridge over the Thames was completed. The goods shed is contemporary with the one at Paddington, sharing the same design, but the Paddington one is larger. The Taplow shed lasted until quite recently, but then demolished, which was a real pity.

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Just now, Northroader said:

What we now call Taplow was originally the Western terminus for Maidenhead, before the bridge over the Thames was completed. The goods shed is contemporary with the one at Paddington, sharing the same design, but the Paddington one is larger. The Taplow shed lasted until quite recently, but then demolished, which was a real pity.

Not quite, the Western terminus was originally where the A4 now passes under the Railway at Dumb Bell bridge  https://history.networkrail.co.uk/uncategorized/SO_a405f0ca-0957-46d8-8f88-6e183bf63c0a/ The current Maidenhead and Taplow stations were opened in 1872, although I think there was goods facilities at the current Taplow site from the opening of the line.

David

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